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What are
Graphic Novels?

There are numerous definitions for the term graphic novel. Creators, publishers, readers or collectors of graphic novels, may define them differently.

For my research I am using the definition of U.S. librarian Steve Raiteri.

Graphic novels are trade paperback or hardcover books consisting of work in comic-book form.

Graphic novels may be book-length stories, collections of stories and works of non-fiction. This does not include collections of comic strips such as Garfield or Peanuts.

Graphic novels are a format and thus include many different genres.

Citation

Snowball, Clare (2010) "How to Improve Survey Response Rates" Incite, vol.31, no.6, p.24.

References

Babbie, E. R. (1990) Survey Research Methods (2nd ed.) Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Berg, B. L. (2004) Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences (5th ed.) Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Creswell, J. W. (2002) Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.

Creswell, J. W. (2003) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (2nd ed.) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Dillman, D. A. (2000) Mail and Internet Surveys: The Tailored Design Method (2nd ed.) New York: Wiley.

Fowler, F. J. (1998) "Design and evaluation of survey questions" In L. Bickman & D. J. Rog (Eds.) Handbook of Applied Social Research Methods (pp. 343-374) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Gorman, G. E. & Clayton, P. (2005) Qualitative Research for the Information Professional: A Practical Handbook (2nd ed.) London: Facet Publishing.

Hayslett, M. M. & Wildemuth, B. M. (2004) "Pixels or Pencils? The Relative Effectiveness of Web-Based versus Paper Surveys" Library & Information Science Research, vol.26, no.1, pp. 73-93.

Hinds, D. (2000) "Research instruments" In D. Wilkinson (Ed.) The Researcher's Toolkit: The Complete Guide to Practitioner Research (pp. 41-54) London: Routledge.

Lovey, J. (2000) "Researching in schools" In D. Wilkinson (Ed.) The Researcher's Toolkit: The Complete Guide to Practitioner Research (pp. 117-131) London: Routledge.

Mangione, T. W. (1998) "Mail surveys" In L. Bickman & D. J. Rog (Eds.) Handbook of Applied Social Research Methods (pp. 399-427) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Powell, R. R. & Connaway, L. S. (2004) Basic Research Methods for Librarians (4th ed.) Westport, CN: Libraries Unlimited.

Schonlau, M., Fricker, R. D. & Elliott, M. N. (2002) Conducting Research Surveys via E-mail and the Web. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.