AARL

It's time - to reveal the Whitlam Institute within the University of Western Sydney

Liz Curach

Abstract The Whitlam Institute within the University of Western Sydney is a centre for public dialogue and progress, with the Whitlam Prime Ministerial Collection inspiring its programs. The collection, both physical and virtual, was established in 2002, drawing upon primary source material made available or donated by the Hon E G Whitlam AC QC, and continues to grow exponentially as an increasing corpus of work of a prodigious writer, commentator and social critic. The institute also supports the work of the university and its community in a range of practical ways through its outreach and public affairs programs.

Established in 2000 by way of an agreement between the Hon Edward Gough Whitlam AC QC and the University of Western Sydney, the Whitlam Institute honours the work of Mr Whitlam as parliamentary representative for the seat of Werriwa in Sydney's south west from 1952-1978 (a seat representing suburbs now located in seven separate electorates in Western Sydney) and as Prime Minister from 1972 to 1975 in advancing the interests of the people of Greater Western Sydney. The Whitlam Institute commemorates the life and work of E G Whitlam and pursues the causes he championed including giving a voice and resources to the people of western Sydney. The Whitlam Institute, through the Whitlam Prime Ministerial Collection, houses selected books and materials primarily donated by Mr Whitlam and provides online access to papers held at the institute and elsewhere.

As a new generation university, the University of Western Sydney embodies the promise, the achievements, the values and the engagement with the people and issues of the greater west characterised by Mr Whitlam's life and work. The establishment and growth of the Whitlam Institute as a scholarly research centre creates both a focus and catalyst for the maturing and growth of the university over decades to come. The institute was initially characterised as a 'living ideas' centre, articulating a particular focus on exploring factors which shape the social, economic, political and cultural environments of urban regions, with specific emphasis on social justice and human services. The institute's contribution to research, public policy and project development is targeted at the areas of health, education, community and urban development and accessible arts and culture.

The institute runs an active public education, events and exhibitions program which promotes discussion and development of public policy focusing on elements of the ongoing Whitlam legacy with particular emphases on issues of public interest critical to urban growth and vitality.

Genesis of the Institute

Prime ministerial collections are no longer a new concept within Australia. Following the exemplary pioneering work of the John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library, a number of universities have established such collections, their efforts spurred on and encouraged by developments within both the National Library and National Archives of Australia. The Whitlam Prime Ministerial collection is, however, the newest of these. The University of Western Sydney is a young and energetic university, established in 1989. Today it has around 35 000 students across its six campuses and is the seventh largest university in Australia, serving over nine percent of the nation's population.[1] Why did we embark upon such an ambitious project? The answer is to be found in the natural synergies between the Whitlam ideals and those of the university and in the wonderful opportunity presented to UWS by Mr Whitlam - an opportunity too significant and important to bypass.

In February 2000 following separate earlier discussions between Mr Whitlam and various interested persons including foundation Chancellor, Sir Ian Turbott AO CMG CVO and Mark Latham, the UWS vice-chancellor, Professor Janice Reid AM, together with the university librarian, met Mr Whitlam to further explore the possibility of transfer, over time, of his personal records to the university. This meeting revealed both the depth and breadth of Mr Whitlam's extensive collection in subject areas of direct relevance to the university's mission and academic endeavours. It particularly delighted our vice-chancellor whose commitment to indigenous issues (she is a medical anthropologist) had brought her into close personal contact with most of the signatories of the Yirrkala bark petition, a copy of which features prominently in the foyer of Mr Whitlam's office. Professor Reid, with Mr Whitlam's advice and that of his chief of staff, Steven Chaytor, moved quickly to establish what was to become the Whitlam Institute Board of Directors (initially an advisory board) and to arrange drafting of an agreement between Mr Whitlam and the university, signed in April 2000. Mr Whitlam generously agreed to endow to the university his collection, excepting those materials (other than official records) previously deemed appropriate for deposit into the custody of the National Archives of Australia. The initial agreement was extended in 2003 by way of a deed of gift in which Mr Whitlam made an immediate gift to the Whitlam Institute of all specified items held in his collection. Whilst much of the material is still used by Mr Whitlam, portions are transferred to the institute from time to time, and the Whitlam Institute will take possession of any remaining items at a later time.

Governance and management framework

Unlike the Curtin, Deakin and Hawke Prime Ministerial Collections, each of which fall within the auspices of the university library, the Whitlam Institute is established as a separate unit of the university. The use of funds collected to support the future development and work of the institute is guided by a company established through a deed of trust. Trustees of the company are eminent persons, with the board currently chaired by deputy chancellor, Geoffrey Roberson. The vice-chancellor, Professor Reid, represents the university on the board which takes a keen and supportive interest in all activities of the institute.

Organisationally, the institute is located within deputy vice-chancellor Professor Tong Wu's portfolio of development and international, which also has responsibility for UWS' Office of Research Services. The high impact research culture of UWS is committed, through its applied interdisciplinary research, to respond to the needs of the region and enhance its cultural, economic and environmental development. These research foci, together with the university's commitment to actively engage with and contribute to its community, parallel Whitlam's dedication to and championship of the needs of the Greater Western Sydney region.

The institute is led by executive director, Jacqueline Woodman, with additional positions including an events and fundraising manager and an office manager. The work of this small and dedicated team is complemented by that of the recently appointed archivist, a position out-posted from the university library and thus well placed to draw upon professional expertise and infrastructure support.

Work of the institute, in these early years, is funded primarily by the university, with some financial assistance from the trust which is responsible for all monies generated through institute fundraising activities. In common with all Australian prime ministerial collection endeavours, the Whitlam Institute struggles to identify and successfully garner funding from non-university sources. It was originally envisaged that the institute be entirely self-funding by 2006. With fundraising identified as a major focus for 2005 activity we remain optimistic that this goal may be realised.

A physical presence

The Whitlam presence at UWS is centred at the historic Parramatta campus, with the Whitlam Institute offices housed within the first stage of restoration of the heritage listed Female Orphan School - the oldest three-storey masonry building in Australia, and the nation's first public building, constructed between 1813 and 1818, only 25 years after the arrival in Australia of the first fleet. As space becomes available following restoration of the eastern wing of the building the replication of Mr Whitlam's William Street office is intended.

Directly opposite the Female Orphan School, on the ground floor of the Medical Superintendent's Cottage, is the Whitlam Prime Ministerial Collection and reading room, formally opened by Mr Whitlam in March 2002. The physical collection includes books, artworks, manuscripts, original records and correspondence files. Mr Whitlam's personal library and original files form the core of the physical Whitlam Prime Ministerial Collection, supplemented by a small reference collection of Whitlam related material. The reading room securely houses in environmentally controlled conditions some 33 linear metres of books from Mr Whitlam's personal library, together with his annotated Hansards and Parliamentary Papers. The monograph collection is eclectic, and reflective of Mr Whitlam's wide ranging interests. Strong threads of continuity are, however, interestingly evident, with the inclusion of those Loeb Classical Library titles (complete with pencilled marginalia) studied during Whitlam's time at St Paul's College, University of Sydney in the 1930s and more recent acquisitions reflecting Mr and Mrs Whitlam's passion for classical, and in particular Italian, art. Transfer of additional works from both the office and the family home is anticipated in early 2005, at which time all donated published works will be individually catalogued as a special collection in the university library catalogue. Readers and scholars are welcome to visit the reading room and to use the collection.

Mr Whitlam has said clearly that he wishes the collection to remain intact, be accessible to all, and that neither the collection nor the institute become, in his words, a 'mausoleum'. Whilst far from a mausoleum it is entirely fitting that the Whitlam Prime Ministerial Library be established, honouring not only the unprecedented Whitlam contribution to public life, but also a longstanding affinity with the nation's libraries and collection institutions. Mr Whitlam considered his 1994 Redmond Barry Award (the highest honour that can be bestowed upon a non member of ALIA), to have been an 'exceptional honour'.[2]

The scope of the endeavour

Edward Gough Whitlam has been a prolific writer since joining the Australian Labor Party in 1945, being elected to the House of Representatives as Member for Werriwa in 1952, assuming leadership of the Labor Party in 1967 and serving as Prime Minister of Australia 1972-1975. Once out of parliamentary office and following his retirement from politics in 1978 he continued to write. Whitlam is committed to the written word:

The written and printed record is almost always the best record because it is the only record that can be checked against all other sources and corrected contemporaneously. If a thing is said in writing or in public, then other people can correct or refute it.[3]

In addition to his published works, Mr Whitlam has given up to 40 speeches a year commenting on the most important affairs of the day for the past 50 years. His stamina, his ferocious intellect and wit, his capacity for hard work and his longevity are unparalleled.

Much of what has been termed 'the flourishing Whitlam industry'[3] has focused on the dismissal of the Whitlam government in 1975 (there is even a website devoted to 'the Dismissal' at http://www.whitlamdismissal.com/). However, the Whitlam legacy offers so much more than those 25 days leading up to November 11, 1975. And this legacy appears as alive now as it was some 30 years ago, as evidenced in a recent popular press lead article which compares 15 characteristics of 'Generation 1974' with those of 'Generation 2004'. Of the 15 characteristics of each generation, one only is common - 'Idolise Gough Whitlam'. Interestingly, a further characteristic of Generation 1974, 'Win hard-fought right to free education' is contrasted in Generation 2004 with 'Win hard-fought right to buy $100 000 degrees'.[4] The latter touches nerves for those who work within an increasingly deregulated and challenging higher education environment and for those who may have benefited from the introduction of free tertiary education during the days of the Whitlam government.

A virtual presence

From its earliest days the institute has been committed to making its collection progressively accessible via the world wide web through the e-collection (http://www.whitlam.org), complementing the work of the National Library and National Archives of Australia and other stakeholders. Through the Whitlam e-collection we are creating a research and learning resource for the nation. The e-collection, which draws on the vast range of material sourced from personal files, has potential to become one of the richest websites in Australia. The e-collection includes speeches, press releases, interviews, correspondence, invitations, obituaries and photographs. To date the surface has only been skimmed, with some 2500 items covering the years 1944-2004 uploaded to and accessible from the site. A further 215 items have been digitised and await indexing and uploading, with a further 3113 documents and photographs in hand awaiting digitisation. Whilst considerable work has been accomplished, an extremely busy time is anticipated in the foreseeable future with the uploading of materials at hand estimated to require approximately 3000 hours labour. And Mr Whitlam continues to write... The procedures established during stage I have been laborious and an important requirement in the development of stage II of the e-collection will be refinement and efficient, cost effective digitisation and indexing processes.

The e-collection started with some disks and some photographs. Shortly after the realisation of the concept of a Whitlam Institute, Mr Whitlam's office made available on floppy disks WordPerfect files religiously maintained by his long term assistant Elaine Haigh. The files contained the speeches, speech notes, letters, introductions, forewords, eulogies and statements issued by Mr Whitlam over the period 1992-2000. The work was systematically filed and maintained in chronological order, with a parallel physical file diligently maintained by Elaine and a distinguished list of Mr Whitlam's chiefs of staff including Richard Butler, Peter Wilenski, Mark Latham and Steven Chaytor. Complementing this exemplary maintenance and preservation of records is, of course, Mr Whitlam's extraordinary eye for detail, exemplified by hand written annotations to successive drafts of each speech, corrections to guest lists, 'corrections' to press clippings and much more.[6]

The hundreds of photographs were understandably less ordered. Each week Mr Whitlam receives photographs sent by friends, well-wishers and colleagues from events attended recently and in the past (sometimes distant). The task of sourcing, establishing provenance, attribution and obtaining copyright clearance has been enormous. Fortunately we have been able to draw upon the extensive knowledge of Steven Chaytor and on Mr Whitlam's remarkable memory for events, people and places. Despite significant effort, some photographs remain unsourced, with others awaiting copyright clearance from identified owners. The photographic collection is very much a work in progress, however a fascinating corpus of original images, including never previously exhibited personal wartime photographs revealing a glimpse of the man of which many may not have been aware (Mr Whitlam served as a navigator and flight lieutenant in the Royal Australian Air Force in World War II) is now available to the public. The Whitlam Institute pictorial collection complements the 513 images retrieved through a basic 'Gough Whitlam' search of the National Library of Australia's PictureAustralia site and the 4029 records retrieved from the National Archives of Australia's PhotoSearch site.

Initial development of the e-collection was undertaken in partnership with a commercial web services company specialising in web design, publishing, management and communication. Through utilisation of a proprietary content management system (CMS), non technical staff were able to publish web content without programming skills or knowledge of HTML. This was an ideal solution for stage one of the e-collection, facilitating the loading of a significant initial collection. The web interface facilitates keyword searching within text (documents are accessible in both HTML and in Rich Text Format) and across categories and formats. Images are saved at 600 dpi (archival) and 300 dpi (public view) and loaded as .jpg files in both thumbnail (preview) and standard (800 x 600) sizes.

The CMS, whilst well suited for organisations dealing with high volume brief items (eg press releases) is, however, cumbersome in some requirements, not particularly suitable for scanned documents and lacks a rights management facility. The latter shortcoming has recently been addressed with the implementation of Tabularium Brevis as a rights management system, greatly assisting in identification and management of the provenance and copyright status of each item (physical and intellectual control). Loading of documents via the proprietary content entry form is presently a 20 step process, involving creation of four 'versions' of each document. The complexity of the loading process introduces an unacceptably high risk of error, thus necessitating double checking of all work. Should an error be identified, all files require deletion and the re-commencement of the 20 step loading process. Digital image loading similarly requires a multi-step approach with an equal propensity for error. The recent terminal breakdown of an ancient scanner used to date provides an ideal opportunity to review scanning procedures and standards prior to the purchase of replacement hardware and software.

Much has been achieved and much has been learned during the establishment phase. We look forward to commencing stage II of the e-collection development early in 2005 and will be seeking a commercial 'off the shelf' software solution to both manage and provide access to these rich and unique collections. Such solutions are now available in the marketplace and the first step of stage II will be a thorough functional needs analysis followed by the preparation of a carefully considered functional requirements statement. Stage II will be characterised by a brisk walk rather than the frenetic sprint required to bring stage one of the e-collection live early in 2002. Data and content migration will, of course, bring its own challenges, however, we are well placed to learn from others, and most particularly from staff of the John Curtin Prime Ministerial Collection who have comparatively recently traversed this potentially troublesome path.

The Whitlam Institute gateway, its website, is nevertheless a rich environment. The site serves as a portal to the writings of the most open and accessible prime minister in Australia, attracting around 700 hits each day - and growing.

Collaboration with others

The original 2000 agreement between the university and Mr Whitlam articulates the university's intention to work co-operatively with the National Archives to ensure that scholars have access to materials held in the archives. A particular characteristic of the prime ministerial collections 'movement' in Australia is, perhaps, the high levels of co-operation, collegiality and collaboration apparent. We have much in common in sharing the ideals of our collections' namesakes and in our commitment to making available previously inaccessible records of immense value to scholars, researchers and the nation as a whole.

The Whitlam Institute is a significant beneficiary of the generosity and wise advice of a number of professionals, most particularly Kandy-Jane Henderson, Archivist, JCPML, Robert French, Colin McTaggert and Fiona Burn of the Chester Hill (Sydney) offices of the National Archives of Australia and Maggie Shapley of the archives in Canberra. We hope in the near future to reciprocate and, in particular to collaborate closely with the National Archives of Australia in working towards shared digitisation of the wealth of Whitlam material housed in the Chester Hill facility. The sheer volume of material (both official and personal, documentary and photographic) is immense and increasing annually as official records of the Whitlam government are released for public access, having reached 30 years of age in accordance with requirements of the Archives Act 1983. The Whitlam Institute is now much better positioned to pursue professional partnerships and collaborative ventures following the appointment of a dedicated information professional.

Looking to the future

Building on the depth and breadth of material donated from Mr Whitlam's own collections, our vision for future development of the collection and the institute's programs is to focus on the spirit of this global statesman, to provide accessible evidence for a new generation of what can, and has been, achieved by leaders with vision.

Acquiring material from those close to Mr Whitlam will feature highly as a future collection development priority, providing further depth and perspective to the many roles played in both his public and personal life.

The papers of Graham Freudenberg, speechwriter to generations of Labor leaders have been pledged. These will provide fascinating and, no doubt, entertaining insights into the breadth and depth of the lifelong relationship between these friends and colleagues who both together and independently are acknowledged as two of the nation's greatest political orators.

We will also gradually start working with those papers made available by members of Mr Whitlam's immediate family, as defined within the collection development policy. The donation, by Mr Nicholas Whitlam, of a series of correspondence has served as a catalyst in this area. We are, of course, keenly interested in the papers of Mrs Margaret Whitlam - a resource of immense value in its own right.

Whitlam Institute Public Affairs Program

Raising public awareness of the Whitlam Institute's role and activities has been a key feature of the early years in fulfilling commitments from the institute and the university to our role in providing public educational forums. We have benefited greatly from Mr and Mrs Whitlam's generosity with their time and personal support for the work of both the institute and the university, demonstrated by their active attendance at and participation in public events and the launch of all exhibitions held to date. A representative selection of activities over the period 2001 to 2004 include:

• Professor James K Galbraith on Inequality, July 2001
  The eminent Professor Galbraith spoke at the Whitlam Institute - exploring his thesis that it is necessary to rebuild an architecture of financial stabilisation and control, suited to our multi-polar world.
• 'Letter of Passion' Exhibition and launch, June 2002
  Renowned journalist, author and Whitlam biographer Laurie Oakes discovered 'mouldering in a box' a letter from Flying Officer Whitlam based at Cooktown Mission to his wife Margaret dated July 22nd 1944. The letter had been lent to Oakes by Mr or Mrs Whitlam when researching his 1973 biography of Whitlam. The letter is indeed one of passion - passionately and vigorously arguing to Margaret the 'Yes' case for the forthcoming Post-war Reconstruction and Democratic Rights Referendum, often called the Fourteen Powers Referendum. The referendum was defeated in all but two states, and by members of the forces, most particularly the 13th squadron of the Royal Air Force. The campaign had an immediate and lasting effect on Mr Whitlam's attitudes and career. He joined the Labor Party upon leaving the RAAF.[7]
• Life of Gough dinner, November 2002
  Hosted by premier of NSW, the Hon Bob Carr, this event celebrated It's Time: the 30th anniversary of Mr Whitlam becoming prime minister and his 50 years in public life.
• Bringing Universities to Communities, June 2003
  Professor Janice Reid and Dr Robert Lapiner, head of the UCLA extension program, explored the role of the university in the community, focusing on the shared and complementary expertise of university based educators and those serving in business, entertainment, technology and other fields.
• Your Medicare 30 years on - Still good for you? July 2003
  The inaugural Whitlam forum on Medicare, addressed by a distinguished group of medical professionals, provided a definitive historical overview of Medicare along with an outline of the first principles required to administer a universal health insurance scheme.
• Commemoration of the 30th Anniversary of the Joint Sitting of Parliament, August, 2004
  6-7 August 1974 saw the historic joint sitting of both houses of parliament - an occasion of great constitutional significance. Bills, including the legislative foundation of Medibank were passed in this unprecedented attempt to overcome senate blocking of government policy.
• Leadership Letters Exhibition, October 2004
  Nicholas Whitlam kindly donated to the Whitlam Institute a series of letters written to him by his father, Gough, during the period 1964-1971 when Nicholas was overseas studying at Harvard and then in London. The letters provide not only an insight into the personal relationship between two remarkable Australians, but also a window on the nation's shifting political and social landscape during the turbulent 1960s.
• Freudenberg Masterclass, August 2004
  The institute masterclass series was launched in 2004 with a unique opportunity to study public oratory with one of the greatest speechwriters in Australian history, Graham Freudenberg, along with Rhodes scholar and program director for global issues at the Lowy Institute for International Policy, Michael Fullilove.[8]
• Days of Government online exhibition
  This permanent online exhibition provides a 'daily snapshot' history of the Whitlam government. Days are being added gradually to the exhibition, with each day's report providing a glimpse of political developments, media perspectives, social moods and historical judgements. The support of News Limited and the John Fairfax Group in permitting use of photographs and articles is gratefully acknowledged.

Looking to the future the Whitlam Institute is working together with scholars across UWS on a three part program inspired by values of community engagement, public debate and civic duty. These future endeavours will be synergistically linked through three major themes, bringing greater strategic focus to activities inspired by values of community engagement, public debate and civic duty, and underpinning a new mission of 'Putting words into action for a fair Australia':

1. The What Matters Program
   To advance community thinking on citizenship and democracy
2. The Fair Australia Program
   To link policies with practice and people
3. The Landmarks in History Program
   Exhibitions and historical analysis based on the E G Whitlam Prime Ministerial Collection and highlighting the Whitlam Institute Schools Program.[9]

And what else?

In addition to the core business of collecting, preserving and making accessible the Whitlam Prime Ministerial collection and running the public affairs program briefly outlined above, the Whitlam Institute publishes a bi-monthly e-magazine, It's Time. Twenty-two issues have been published as at November 2004, with each issue focusing on current debate pertinent to the scope of the institute's endeavours. Despite the title, It's Time is entirely bi-partisan, drawing on a wide range of contributors of all political persuasions but with a particular disposition towards contributions from members of the Western Sydney community. Each issue includes regular features such as the activities of Gough Whitlam, links to recent speeches and featured recent additions to the e-collection.

A significant schools program is planned for 2005 and into the future, and discussions with the History Teachers' Association of NSW are well advanced. The 2005 schools program will build upon previous work which has included collaborative publishing endeavours with the John Fairfax Group and the inaugural 'What Matters' writing competition for students in years 5-12 in NSW and the ACT which attracted over 1000 entries. 2004 winners were presented with their awards by 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature recipient, South African author J M Coetzee and Mr Whitlam.

Announcement of appointment of the Inaugural Whitlam Chair within the school of humanities of the university is anticipated very shortly. The Whitlam Chair in Writing and Society will help expand the institute's focus on critical literacies and applied literary scholarship. The Whitlam Chair will also lead the Whitlam Institute Writing and Society Research Group. Whilst renowned for his frequent disparagement of 'academics', Mr Whitlam has given considerable encouragement to the establishment of this position, which will work within the school, with the institute, and across the university in providing guidance and leadership in those cross-disciplinary areas remaining dear to Mr Whitlam's heart.

Conclusion

The breadth of issues touched upon, delved into, explored, analysed and critiqued and commented upon by the Honourable Edward Gough Whitlam AC QC (and living national treasure) is immense. It is also unprecedented, and whether one agrees with his opinions and conclusions or not, Mr Whitlam will always be there as a measure of his times. He commented, upon signing the deed of gift in December 2003:

The greatest contribution that I hope to bestow is inspiration. That the work and causes championed in my parliamentary career and the statesman service that followed, will provide the basis for ongoing research and advocacy from this university into the contemporary challenges that confront and can improve the quality of life for all Australians...

The really good items will be transferred when I leave this jurisdiction. With this deed the collection will remain together and will be accessible to the public. There is a lot to collate. A lot to preserve. A lot to benefit successors.[10]

There is indeed a lot to collate and preserve and, importantly, make accessible. The University of Western Sydney is deeply honoured by its association with Mr Whitlam, and grateful for his generosity and faith in us. Much has been achieved since the initial meeting between Mr Whitlam and vice-chancellor Professor Reid in the William Street offices in 2000, with very much more yet to come. Similarly, we have learned much throughout stage I of the collection's development and will put lessons learned to good effect in stage II.

Throughout our endeavours, we hope to engage in further co-operation and collaboration with all other institutions contributing to this edition of AARL.

Notes

1. Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001 Census of Population and Housing 2001 ABS CDATA 2001 [CD-ROM]
2. E G Whitlam Acceptance Speech Redmond Barry Award National Library of Australia 22 July 1994 http://www.whitlam.org/collection/1994/19940722_australian_library_information_asociation/index.html [accessed 30 December 2004]
3. E G Whitlam Keynote Address Centenary Whitlam Conference of Labor Historians University of Sydney 23 November 1991 http://www.whitlam.org/collection/1991/19911123_uniofsydney_centenary_whitlamconferenceof/index.html [accessed 28 December 2004]
4. C Webb 'Edward Gough Whitlam' in M Grattan (ed) Australian Prime Ministers French's Forest NSW New Holland 2001 pp325-353 p326
5. D Knight 'The Mild Ones: Why Twenty Somethings are Oh-So-Straight' Sunday Life 17 October 2004 p20
6. P Botsman 'Where the Action is!' It's Time e-magazine Issue 3 2002 http://www.whitlam.org/its_time/3 [accessed 29 December 2004]
7. E G Whitlam Response to Laurie Oakes keynote address 'Letter of Passion' Exhibition Whitlam Institute University of Western Sydney 13 June 2002 http://www.whitlam.org/collection/2002/20020612_letter_passion/index.html [accessed 28 December 2004]
8. P Anderson and J Woodman 'The Whitlam Institute within the University of Western Sydney: Putting Words into Action' University of Western Sydney 2005 Unpublished p6
9. Ibid pp6-7
10. E G Whitlam Speaking notes used by Gough Whitlam on signing Deed of Gift to University of Western Sydney 10 December 2003 Unpublished

Liz Curach (please remove '.nospam' from address), university librarian, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 1797.